Theory

We think : More people than ever can pariticpate in culture, contributing their ideas, views, information. The web allows them not just to publish but to share and connect, to collaborate and when the conditions are right, to create, together, at scale.
That is why the web is a platform for mass creativity and innovation. (Charles Leadbeater)

Convegence culture - Henry Jenkins

Media convegence : combination of new media and old media within a single piece of media .the coming together of different media technology/ products.

Technological convergence:  is the tendency for different technological systems to evolve towards performing similar tasks.

Economic convergence: is the horizontal intergration of the entertainment industry. Companies such as sony and Aol time warner now have interest in Film , Music , Real estate, books , internet and more and this results in transmedia exploitation of branded propeties.

Cultural convergence : When the 'audience' becomes the prosumer. Media technology has given the 'audience' the tools to “archive, annotate, appropriate, and recirculate content.” Companies use this to create low-cost content. Outsourcing – using 'user-generated' content in internet programs shown on sites including Youtube - Media Convergence is what makes humans dependent on media. The convergence of media products/technology means that, in theory, we do not have to leave our homes as (almost) everything can be achieved at the touch of a button.

Technological determinism : theory that presumes that a society's technology drives the development of its social structure and cultural values.

wikinomics : is a term that describes the effects of extensive collaboration and user-participation on the marketplace. (Dan Tapscott)

here comes everybody: what happens when people are given the tools to do things together, without needing traditional organizational structures. (Clay Shirky)

long tail theory :

Film industry and fandom

A fandom is a group of fans collectively , who are interested in the same thing . Fandom can involve participating in online discussions and or making fan made material for a movie or renacting a scene from a movie basically fans online collaborate.

There are sites where fans of movie , artists , or a book can join and share pictures , videos on sites such as tumblr . these are called knowledge communities . Collective thinking is where fans can collectively share and contibute inf


Finish later

the impact of the internet on the media is revolutoinary

5 facts

ED Sheeran is the most pirated artist in the UK and Manchester emerged as the piracy capital of the UK, followed by Nottingham and Southampton, with more illegal downloads per person than any other in the country.

The number one most streamed song on Spotify in 2012 was Gotye's "Somebody That I Used To Know."

More than £1bn was spent on downloaded films, music and games in the UK in 2012, the highest annual total. sales increased 11.4% from 2011, meaning that a quarter of the entertainment market is now digital.

Artist Rihanna , is most ‘Liked’ person on Facebook .

Artist Justin Bieber is the most followed person on Twitter

Music Industry review

1. How have online media developed ?

Online media has had a levelling affect , its given everyone the same opportunities, because people now  don't need recording studios , to record music , they can know use digital audio work stations such as fruity-loops .  Distribution has also changed , because in the past music was distributed through record shops , through mail service but now music can just be uploaded on sites such as youtube and sound cloud, which is also free. Consumption has developed the most because in the past consuming music was very limited , people had to listen to music through radios , live concerts , and TV but now most music is streamed online , traditional media still exists along side new media . People consume music through sites such as YouTube, Vevo, Sound cloud, Soundation, itunes.

2. What has been the impact of the internet on media production ?

It has allowed more people to produce their own music and has given audience more choice . In the past to produce music people needed a record contract or a recording studio, which a very few limited people had access to but now its different because people can record music online and edit their own music, this has by passed the gate keepers, Independent artists now also have a means to music production .

3. How is consumer behavior and audience response transformed by online media , in relation to the the past ?

The internet has given the audience more choice and they are now able to be more selective , instead of just listening to mainstream music , they can always search for different artists online. In the past record producers decided which music was played where and had a lot of control , now the audience are actively shaping the music industry they are not passive , the power is shifting from producers to consumers because the audience to have choice about what music they like and what sites they want to get it from

4. To what extent had convergence transformed the media ?
Convergence has had a huge impact on how media has transformed
- you can now listen to music on your phone
- you can now stream music videos
- there is no fixed time for anything
- Allowed the audience to get more invloved

wikinomics

Wikinomics is the ecomomics of mass collaboration , This thoery was first published in 2006 by Dan Tapscott and Anthony Williams - Harnessing the power of mass colaboration / contributionand that it's a new way to do business and a new mode of production.

Peering
the free sharing of material on the internet
An example of this , is using Sound Cloud : an online audio distribution platform that allows collaboration, promotion and distribution of audio recordings. 
An example of a current Artist who uses sound cloud is Azealia Banks , the reason she uses sound cloud is because she mostly does mix tapes , which is like remixing other people's songs , so legally she cant make money , which is why she uses Sound cloud.

Free creativity 
Natural and positive outcome of the free market 
Indaba Music is a web-based company that provides a music collaboration environment for musicians: “a place to build a profile, promote their tunes and collaborate with other musicians” as well as enter opportunities like remixing and songwriting contests.
When Indaba members upload tracks to an Indaba session, they can choose to reserve all rights, OR they can select a Creative Commons license for the track. The Creative Commons license they choose determines how other musicians on the site are allowed to creatively use their music. This may, for example, mean that artists are allowed to creatively use another work as long as it is not used commercially or that a musician may use another work but only in its original form.
Indaba Music has been noted in the press for collaborations with popular artists including John Legend, Rivers Cuomo, Mariah Carey, Third Eye Blind,

Democratised
The media is democratised by peering , free creativity and the we media journalism produced by ordinary people. A big example of this is YouTube , because anyone can use it , it allows people to be creative , to collaborate and share . A few people have by passed gatekeepers by being found on youtube and getting record labels
- Justin Bieber - Scooter Braun accidentally clicked on Bieber's covers by accident but was very impressed and decided to track him down and signed him to Raymond Braun media group 

- Owl City - He began uploading songs recorded in his parents' basement to Myspace. He started to receive favorable attention for his music and then helped cultivate this nascent fanbase by being an open and accessible web presence, responding to any messages he received and constantly posting blogs
- Alexis Jordan - she began to upload cover songs on YouTube while submitting demos. By 2008, Jordan's YouTube page was racking up millions of views. The exposure led Jordan to the attention of production team Stargate who called her to fly to New York and record a few songs with them. While in the studio, rapper Jay-Z walked in,which ultimately resulted in Jordan becoming the first artist signed to the new, Sony Music-affiliated label, StarRoc/Roc Nation – a joint venture between Stargate and Jay-Z's Roc Nation label.
- Soulja Boy
- Rihanna
and many more.

Thinking globally 
Web 2.0 makes thinking globally inevitable 
An example would be youtube , Sound cloud . where people can all contribute , share and embed .

The perfect storm 
Its the combination of three things , technology , demographics  and economics and this creates a force that resistance is impossible.

Impact of online media . production , didtribution and exhibition

Production
How can online media be used to produce Music

 FruityLoops
is a digital audio workstation developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. operates on microsoft windows .
Notable user
- Avicii
- Afrojack
- Skream
It can also be available in psychical copies and also as an online download.
downloading Fl studio would cost £ 580.12



How are online media used to distribute music 

iTunes is a media player and media library application developed by Apple Inc. Free download .
* It is used to play, download, and organize digital audio and video on personal computers

YouTube is a video-sharing website.
Most of the content on YouTube has been uploaded by individuals, although media corporations including CBS, the BBC, VEVO,Hulu, and other organizations offer some of their material via the site, as part of the YouTube partnership program.

How can online media be used to listen / watch / consume music ?

Spotify is a commercial music streaming service providing DRM-protected content from a range of major and independent record labels, including Sony, EMI, Warner Music Group and Universal.

-As of December 2012, the service is available in Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Launched in October 2008 by Swedish startup Spotify AB